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big hair
Big hair is a term that can refer to hairstyles that emphasize large volume or largely styled hair, especially when those styles make the hair occupy a large amount of space above and around the head. The label "big hair" for such styles originated in the late 1970s, when these styles were beginning a period of popularity; the label has been applied to similar styles that have become fashionable at various periods in history.〔"Big hair", entry in (Merriam-Webster Online ), accessed March 23, 2010.〕
Actresses like Raquel Welch, Brigitte Bardot and Jane Fonda became big-haired icons in the early sixties through seventies.〔Boldrini, Giovanna. (7 Big-Haired Beauties Of The 60s and 70s Will Make You Yearn For The Past!! ) Retrieved March 22, 2015.〕〔Oliver, Dana. (2013). (1960s Hair Icons Who Taught Us Everything About Big Hair ). The Huffington Post. Retrieved March 22, 2015.〕 Women's hairstyles labelled as "big hair" became fashionable during this period, with a poster of actress Farrah Fawcett becoming an iconic example.〔Innes-Smith, below〕 The fashion persisted with certain regional subcultures in the southern United States, and the styles are sometimes also associated with female country music performers.〔Skip Hollandsworth, "Hooray for Big Hair", ''Texas Monthly'', December 1992, pp. (122 et. seq. )〕 It is also associated with the exaggerated stereotypical femininity associated with drag queens and similar gender performers.〔"....tits, big hair, lots of make-up and a dick", Kate Bornstein, interview by Shannon Bell, in "Kate Bornstein: A Transgender Transsexual Postmodern Tiresias", ''Mental Backup'' (p.3 ).〕
For both genders, big hair became popular in the 1980s. The term is also used in the punk, glam, goth and alternative cultures and is particularly associated with fashion of the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s,〔http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/11/90s-hair-photos_n_4418268.html〕 or inspired by the period.〔James Innes-Smith, ''Big Hair'' (Bloomsbury USA, 2003; ISBN 1-58234-449-3)〕 From these origins, big hair became a feature of a number of Japanese street and alternative fashions, including Harajuku and ganguro.〔Tiffany Godoy and Ivan Vartanian, ''Style Deficit Disorder: Harajuku Street Fashion - Tokyo'' (Chronicle Books, 2007; ISBN 0-8118-5796-4)〕 In the mid-80s, rising Pop Star Madonna also had big hair when posing for Time Magazine photographed by Francesco Scavullo. Soon, many women emulated her look making her the most iconic celebrities in 80s fashion.〔()〕〔()〕
==Techniques==
Depending on the specific style, hairstyles in the big hair categories may require a number of styling, cutting, or treatment techniques. Styling of punk and alternative big hair styles often requires backcombing (teasing) and the liberal application of styling aids such as hair spray and hair gel, often in combination with the use of hair dryers. Crimping irons, perms, hair rollers, or other techniques may also be required.〔Innes-Smith, above〕
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